1. What Are the Advantages of Vacuum Induction Furnace Smelting?
Vacuum induction furnace smelting is a steelmaking method that heats, melts, refines, alloys and pours the charge under negative pressure. Compared with electric arc furnace, medium frequency induction furnaces, and other methods, it has the following advantages.
(1) Precise Control of Chemical Composition of Alloy
Because the whole smelting process is carried out under the vacuum of isolating atmosphere, the oxidation loss of alloy elements is reduced, and the oxygen content in molten steel is very low, which greatly improves the recovery rate of alloy elements. Then it can accurately control the chemical composition.
(2) Because the Smelting process is carried out under vacuum, the gas content in the alloy is very low.
The liquid steel is deoxidized by carbon under vacuum and the secondary oxidation is avoided by pouring under vacuum. These advantages make the content of gas and inclusions in tempered steel low, and greatly improve the purity of steel.
(3) Reduce the Content of Trace Harmful Impurities in Steel
Trace impurities, such as lead, arsenic, tin, antimony, bismuth, etc., cause significant damage to the hot working plasticity and high-temperature strength of superalloys. Taking advantage of the characteristics of the high vapor pressure of trace impurities, impurities can be effectively removed through high temperature and high vacuum to reduce their damage.
(4) The process parameters of vacuum induction furnace smelting are highly adjustable
Through the cooperation and adjustment of smelting vacuum, temperature, essence time, and furnace atmosphere, many essence intentions can be reached. In this respect, its process flexibility is far more than that of medium-frequency induction furnace smelting. For example, vacuum induction furnace smelting has advantages in decarburization, deoxidation, denitrification, evaporation to remove impurity elements, reduction of burning loss of easily oxidized elements, reduction of inclusion content, etc.
2. What Is the Defect of Vacuum Induction Furnace Training?
The shortcomings of vacuum induction furnace smelting are as follows.
(1) Contamination of Crucible Refractory to Molten Steel
Under the action of high temperature and high vacuum of vacuum hardening, the crucible refractory will undergo a decomposition reaction, resulting in oxygen delivery to the molten steel, adding oxygen content to the molten steel, and then reducing the purity of the molten steel.
In addition, under the above conditions, the carbon in the molten steel will react with A1203, B203, SiO2, etc. in the crucible refractory to increase Al, B, Si, etc. in the molten steel.
In a word, the reaction between molten steel and crucible materials pollutes the molten steel and reduces its purity of steel.
(2) The Crystalline Structure of the Ingot Is Not Improved
It has the same structure as the ingot cast by medium frequency induction furnace and electric arc furnace, but there are some defects such as composition segregation, uneven grain size, deep shrinkage cavity, and poor surface quality of ingot.
(3) High Equipment Investment And Production Cost
The equipment cost of a vacuum induction furnace is about 25-30 times that of a medium-frequency induction furnace, and the production cost is about 5-10 times.
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