The induction furnace definition is that the furnace uses the induction heating effect of materials to heat or melt materials. The AC power supply used for the induction furnace includes power frequency (50 or 60 Hz), medium frequency (150~10000 Hz) and high frequency (above 10000 Hz). The main components of an induction furnace include the inductor, furnace body, power supply, capacitor, and control system. Under the action of alternating electromagnetic fields in the induction furnace, an eddy current is generated inside the material to achieve the effect of heating or melting.
An induction furnace is usually divided into an induction heating furnace and a smelting furnace. The smelting furnace includes cored induction furnace and a coreless induction furnace. The cored induction furnace is mainly used for smelting and heat preservation of various cast iron and other metals. It can use waste furnace material and has low smelting costs. The coreless induction furnace is divided into power frequency induction furnaces, triple frequency induction furnaces, generator set medium frequency induction furnaces, thyristor medium frequency induction furnaces and high-frequency induction furnaces.
The cored induction furnace has an iron core passing through the inductor and is powered by the power frequency power supply. It is mainly used for smelting and heat preservation of various cast iron, brass, bronze, zinc and other metals. The electrical efficiency is more than 90%. It can use waste furnace materials. The smelting cost is low, and the maximum furnace capacity is 270 tons. The coreless induction furnace is divided into power frequency induction furnaces, triple frequency induction furnaces, generator set medium frequency induction furnaces, thyristor medium frequency induction furnaces and high-frequency induction furnaces. The advantage of induction furnaces is that the consumption of raw materials is much smaller than that of other equipment. Induction heating furnace includes forging furnace, induction quenching and tempering furnace and induction quenching furnace.
Under the stirring action of this alternating magnetic field, the composition and temperature of the material in the furnace are relatively uniform, the forging heating temperature can reach 1250 ℃, and the melting temperature can reach 1650 ℃. In addition to heating or smelting in the atmosphere, the induction furnace can also heat or smelting in a vacuum, argon, neon and other protective atmospheres to meet the requirements of special quality. The induction furnace has outstanding advantages in diathermy or smelting soft magnetic alloys, high resistance alloys, platinum group alloys, heat resistant, corrosion resistant, wear-resistant alloys and pure metals.
The induction furnace with a power supply frequency in the range of 150-10000 Hz is called a medium-frequency induction furnace, and its main frequency is in the range of 150-2500 Hz.
A medium-frequency induction furnace definition is special smelting equipment suitable for smelting high-quality steel and alloy. Compared with the power frequency induction furnace, it has the following advantages:
1. Fast melting speed and high production efficiency. The power density of medium-frequency induction furnaces is high, and the power configuration per ton of molten steel is about 20-30% higher than that of industrial-frequency induction furnaces. Therefore, under the same conditions, the medium-frequency induction furnace has a fast melting speed and high production efficiency.
2. Strong adaptability and flexible use. The molten steel in each furnace of medium frequency induction furnace can be completely discharged, and the steel grade can be changed easily; However, the liquid steel in each furnace of power frequency induction furnace is not allowed to be discharged completely, and a part of the liquid steel must be reserved for the next furnace to start, so it is not convenient to change the steel grade, which is only applicable to smelting a single variety of steel.
3. The electromagnetic stirring effect is good. Because the electromagnetic force borne by the molten steel is inversely proportional to the square root of the power frequency, the stirring force of the medium frequency power supply is smaller than that of the power frequency power supply. For removing impurities, uniform chemical composition and uniform temperature in steel, the stirring effect of medium frequency power supply are better. The excessive stirring force of the power frequency power supply increases the scouring force of molten steel on the furnace lining, which not only reduces the refining effect but also reduces the service life of the crucible.
4. The starting operation is convenient. Because the skin effect of the intermediate frequency current is far greater than that of the power frequency current, there is no special requirement for the furnace to charge when the intermediate frequency induction furnace is started, and it can be heated quickly after charging; However, the power frequency induction furnace requires a specially made opening block (the size of the crucible is similar to that of the cast steel or iron block about half the height of the crucible) to start heating, and the heating speed is very slow. Therefore, the medium frequency induction furnace is mostly used under the condition of periodic operation. Another advantage of convenient starting is that it can save power during periodic operations.
Due to the above advantages, the medium-frequency induction furnace has been widely used in the production of steel and alloy in recent years and has also developed rapidly in the production of cast iron, especially in the foundry workshop with periodic operation.
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